Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a temporary type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It requires attention to protect both the mother and baby from complications and usually resolves after delivery.

Definition

Gestational diabetes develops when blood sugar levels become too high during pregnancy. Unlike other forms of diabetes, it is specific to pregnant individuals and typically goes away after the baby is born. The condition occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet increased demands during pregnancy.

Causes

Gestational diabetes happens because of hormonal changes during pregnancy. These hormones can impair insulin action, making it difficult for the body to regulate blood sugar levels effectively. If the body cannot produce enough insulin, blood sugar levels rise.

Risk Factors

• Being overweight or obese before pregnancy
• Family history of type 2 diabetes
• Previous pregnancy affected by Gestational diabetes
• Age 25 years or older
• Belonging to certain ethnic groups, such as African American, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Symptoms

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision (in some cases)

Many women with Gestational diabetes may not experience noticeable symptoms. Routine prenatal screening is important for detecting it.

Diagnosis

• A glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the most common method.
• Blood sugar levels are monitored after consuming a sugary drink to see how the body processes glucose.

Management

• A balanced meal plan tailored by a healthcare professional
• Regular physical activity (as recommended by a healthcare provider)
• Monitoring blood sugar levels with at-home devices
• Use of insulin or medications (if prescribed by a doctor)
• Consistent prenatal care to monitor the health of both mother and baby

Gestational diabetes requires close collaboration with healthcare providers to manage blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth.