Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance is a commonly discussed topic when it comes to diabetes and blood sugar management. It plays a key role in conditions like type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Here's a thorough look at what it is and how it affects the body.

Definition

Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar. This leads to higher levels of glucose in the blood, as well as increased insulin production by the pancreas to compensate. Over time, it can contribute to various health problems, including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Causes

• Overweight or Obesity: Excess fat, especially around the abdomen, can change how cells respond to insulin.
• Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular exercise can reduce Insulin sensitivity in muscles.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can increase Insulin resistance.
• Genetics: Family history of diabetes or certain genetic factors can increase your risk.

Risk Factors

• Being overweight or obese.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Family history of diabetes or related conditions.
• Age (risk increases after 45).
• Having PCOS or other hormonal disorders.
• High blood pressure or abnormal cholesterol levels.

Symptoms

Insulin resistance itself often has no noticeable symptoms, but it may lead to:

• Fatigue after eating.
• Difficulty losing weight.
• Darkened skin patches, often around the neck or armpits (acanthosis nigricans).
• Increased hunger or sugar cravings.

Diagnosis

• Blood Tests: Tests like fasting insulin, glucose tolerance tests, or the HOMA-IR index can measure Insulin sensitivity.
• Physical Signs: In some cases, doctors may examine skin or other outward signs.

Management

• Lifestyle Changes: Healthy eating, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight can improve sensitivity to insulin.
• Medications: In some cases, medications like metformin may be prescribed to help manage blood sugar and improve insulin response.
• Ongoing Monitoring: Regular medical checkups and lab tests can help track progress and manage risks.

Managing Insulin resistance is essential for overall health, and addressing it early can help prevent more serious conditions like type 2 diabetes.