Blood Glucose

Blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is a vital component of our body’s energy system. It’s essential to monitor and maintain healthy blood Glucose levels, especially for those with diabetes, as imbalances can lead to serious health complications.

Definition

Blood glucose is the sugar found in your blood. It comes primarily from the foods you eat, especially carbohydrates, and serves as the main energy source for your cells. The hormone Insulin helps regulate your blood Glucose levels by facilitating its transfer from the bloodstream into cells for energy use or storage.

Causes

Blood Glucose levels fluctuate based on various factors:

• Eating foods rich in carbohydrates, which increase blood glucose.
• Physical activity, which often lowers blood glucose as your body uses it for energy.
• Hormonal changes, stress, or illness, which can also impact glucose balance.

Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase the risk of abnormal blood Glucose levels:

• Lack of Insulin production or Insulin resistance (as in diabetes).
• A sedentary lifestyle.
• Obesity or being overweight.
• A diet high in sugar and processed carbohydrates.
• Family history of diabetes or metabolic disorders.

Symptoms

For high blood glucose (hyperglycemia):

• Increased thirst.
• Frequent urination.
• Fatigue.
• Blurred vision.

For low blood glucose (Hypoglycemia):

• Shakiness or dizziness.
• Sweating.
• Confusion.
• Weakness or fatigue.

Diagnosis

Blood Glucose levels can be measured through various tests:

• Fasting Blood Glucose Test: Measures Glucose levels after fasting for at least 8 hours.
• Random Blood Glucose Test: A snapshot of your Glucose levels at any time.
• HbA1c Test: Indicates average blood Glucose levels over the past 2–3 months.
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Monitors how your body processes glucose after consuming it.

Management

Managing blood glucose is crucial to prevent complications:

• Routine blood sugar monitoring using glucometers or continuous glucose monitors (CGMs).
• Healthy eating choices and balanced meals to control blood sugar spikes.
• Regular physical activity to keep Glucose levels stable.
• Prescribed medications or Insulin therapy for those diagnosed with diabetes.
• Regular check-ups to monitor long-term glucose control (like HbA1c levels).