Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia, or Low blood sugar, can be a serious and uncomfortable condition, especially for individuals with diabetes. It occurs when blood glucose levels fall below the normal range, leading to various symptoms that require prompt attention.

Definition

Hypoglycemia means that blood sugar levels are below the normal range, typically under 70 mg/dL. It’s most common among people managing diabetes but can occasionally affect others as well. Without proper management, it can cause severe complications.

Causes

• Too much insulin or other diabetes medications.
• Skipping meals or not eating enough carbohydrates.
• Overexercising without adjusting food intake or medication.
• Excessive alcohol consumption.
• Rarer medical conditions affecting glucose balance.

Risk Factors

• Having diabetes and taking insulin or certain oral medications.
• Irregular eating patterns or prolonged fasting.
• High-intensity physical activity without adequate fueling.
• Alcohol consumption, especially on an empty stomach.
• Certain hormonal or organ disorders.

Symptoms

• Shakiness or trembling.
• Sweating or feeling clammy.
• Rapid heartbeat (palpitations).
• Hunger.
• Irritability or confusion.
• Dizziness or lightheadedness.
• In severe cases, fainting or seizures.

Diagnosis

• Blood glucose testing confirming levels below 70 mg/dL.
• Reviewing symptoms and medical history, especially in diabetes management.
• Monitoring with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, if available.

Management

• Consuming a fast-acting carbohydrate (like glucose tablets or juice) to quickly raise blood sugar.
• Adjusting medications or insulin doses with the help of a healthcare provider.
• Regularly monitoring blood glucose to prevent recurrent episodes.
• Eating balanced meals and snacks to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
• Treating underlying health conditions contributing to Hypoglycemia.