Diabetic gastroparesis

Diabetic gastroparesis, a complication of diabetes, can significantly affect digestion and quality of life. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the nerves controlling stomach muscles, leading to delayed stomach emptying.

Definition

Diabetic gastroparesis is a condition where the stomach takes too long to empty its contents. This happens because the vagus nerve, responsible for moving food through the digestive tract, is damaged by prolonged high blood sugar levels.

Causes

Diabetic gastroparesis occurs as a result of nerve damage, particularly to the vagus nerve. This damage is often caused by poorly controlled blood sugar levels over time, leading to disruption of normal digestion.

Risk Factors

• Uncontrolled or poorly managed diabetes, particularly Type 1 or Type 2.
• Having diabetes for many years, increasing the risk of nerve damage.
• Other conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or surgeries affecting the stomach.

Symptoms

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Feeling full quickly after eating small amounts.
• Bloating and abdominal pain.
• Fluctuating blood sugar levels.
• Loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss.
• Heartburn or acid reflux.

Diagnosis

• Medical history review: A doctor may ask about your diabetes management and symptoms.
• Imaging tests: Scans like gastric emptying studies monitor how quickly food leaves the stomach.
• Endoscopy: A small camera examines the stomach and digestive tract.
• Blood tests: Check for underlying causes or related complications.

Management

• Blood sugar control: Maintaining good blood sugar levels is essential to reduce further nerve damage.
• Dietary adjustments: Eating smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding high-fat or high-fiber foods can help.
• Medications: Some medications can help stimulate stomach muscles or control nausea.
• Other treatments: In severe cases, feeding tubes or gastric electrical stimulation might be recommended.

Managing Diabetic gastroparesis often requires a team approach, including doctors, dietitians, and diabetic educators, to ensure effective relief from symptoms and prevention of complications.