SGLT2 inhibitors

SGLT2 inhibitors are a type of medication commonly used to help manage blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. These drugs work by targeting the kidneys to promote glucose excretion through urine, providing an effective approach for controlling high blood sugar.

Definition

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are medications that block a specific protein in your kidneys responsible for glucose reabsorption. By inhibiting this protein, these drugs help remove excess glucose from your bloodstream through urine, lowering blood sugar levels.

Causes

SGLT2 inhibitors target the underlying issue of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) in type 2 diabetes. They address the problem by reducing the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, which can be overactive in individuals with diabetes.

Risk Factors

Several factors may influence the decision to use SGLT2 inhibitors:

• Presence of type 2 diabetes
• Risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease
• Inadequate blood sugar control with other medications
• Individual tolerance to potential side effects

Symptoms

SGLT2 inhibitors are not intended to treat symptoms directly, but they help manage signs of high blood sugar, such as:

• Frequent urination
• Increased thirst
• Fatigue associated with elevated glucose levels

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider may recommend SGLT2 inhibitors as part of a treatment plan after diagnosing type 2 diabetes. Diagnosis includes blood tests such as A1C, fasting blood sugar, or an oral glucose tolerance test to confirm hyperglycemia and assess the need for these medications.

Management

SGLT2 inhibitors are typically prescribed alongside lifestyle changes, like diet and exercise, and potentially other diabetes medications. They not only help regulate blood sugar but may also provide additional benefits, such as weight loss and improved kidney and heart health. Regular follow-ups are essential to evaluate effectiveness and monitor for side effects.