Glucagon

Glucagon plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar, especially for those living with diabetes.

Definition

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas. It signals the liver to release stored glucose (glycogen) into the bloodstream, raising Blood sugar levels. This process is vital when blood sugar drops too low (Hypoglycemia).

Causes

The pancreas releases Glucagon naturally when Blood sugar levels fall too low. In people with diabetes, Glucagon is sometimes used as an emergency treatment for severe Hypoglycemia when the body struggles to regulate blood sugar on its own.

Risk Factors

• People with Type 1 Diabetes are at higher risk of severe Hypoglycemia and may need Glucagon.
• Certain medications for diabetes can increase the risk of Hypoglycemia, requiring Glucagon as a backup.
• Prolonged fasting or strenuous activity, especially in people with diabetes, can lead to a need for Glucagon.

Symptoms

During severe Hypoglycemia, symptoms can include:

• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Shakiness or trembling
• Sweating or clamminess
• Loss of consciousness (in extreme cases requiring Glucagon)

Diagnosis

Glucagon use is usually prompted by a diagnosis of severe Hypoglycemia. Blood glucose is measured to confirm levels are dangerously low (generally below 70 mg/dL). A doctor may recommend Glucagon kits for individuals prone to severe episodes.

Management

• In emergencies, injectable or nasal Glucagon is used to quickly raise Blood sugar levels for someone unable to eat or drink.
• Glucagon kits are often carried by people with diabetes at high risk for severe Hypoglycemia.
• After using Glucagon, medical follow-up is crucial to understand the underlying cause of the hypoglycemic episode.